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was the first person to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his work on the treatment of
diphtheria.Below is a list of the winners of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (
Swedish language:
Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) from 1901 to the present.{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/
| title = All Nobel Laureates in Medicine
| accessdate = 2007-07-27
| publisher = Nobel Foundation
-->
The state of some countries changed from when a Nobel laureate lived in the country, became a laureate, and today. The flag that precedes the country of citizenship reflects the earlier of the following two situations: (1) the state of the country when the laureate emigrated or (2) the state of the country when he/she became a Nobel laureate. Some laureates obtained additional citizenships in their lifetime. For those with multiple citizenships, the year they obtained an additional citizenship, when known, precedes the country of citizenship. For laureates who obtained additional citizenships
after winning the Nobel prize, the flag that precedes the country of citizenship reflects the earlier of the following two situations: (1) the state of the country at their death or (2) the current state of the country.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"|-! Year! class="unsortable" | Laureate,
Country of Citizenship! class="unsortable" | Achievement|-|
1901, | "for his work on [blood plasma therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1901/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1902,
| "for his work on [malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1902/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1903, | "in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially [lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1903/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1904,
| "in recognition of his work on the physiology of [digestive system, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1904/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1905,
| "for his investigations and discoveries in relation to [tuberculosis"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1905/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1906, ;
[Santiago Ramón y Cajal,
]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1906/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1907,
| "in recognition of his work on the role played by [protozoa in causing diseases"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1907/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1907
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1908, ;
[Paul Ehrlich,
]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1908/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1909, | "for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the [thyroid gland"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1909/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1909
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1910, | "in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of [cell biology made through his work on proteins, including the
nucleic acid"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1910/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1910
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1911,
| "for his work on the [dioptrics of the eye"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1911/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1911
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1912, | "in recognition of his work on vascular [suture and the Organ transplant of
blood vessels and Organ (anatomy)s"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1912/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1912
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1913, | "in recognition of his work on[ anaphylaxis"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1913/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1913
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1914,
| "for his work on the physiology and pathology of the [vestibular apparatus"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1914/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1915| award||-| [1917| award||-| [1919,
| "for his discoveries relating to [immune system"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1919/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1919
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1920, | "for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism" (for showing that the gas exchange in the [lungs is ordinary diffusion){{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1920/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1920
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1921*| [Archibald Vivian Hill,
]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1922/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1922*],
| "for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1922/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1923, ;
[John James Richard Macleod, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1923/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1924, | "for the discovery of the mechanism of the [electrocardiogram"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1924/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1924
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1925| [Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1926/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1926
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1927, | "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of [malaria inoculation in the treatment of general paralysis"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1927/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1928, | "for his work on [typhus"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1928/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1928
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1929*], | "for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1929/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1929*], | "for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1929/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1930, | "for his discovery of human [blood groups"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1930/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1931, | "for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the [cytochrome"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1931/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1931
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1932, ;
[Edgar Douglas Adrian,
]s"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1932/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1933,
| "for his discoveries concerning the role played by the [chromosome in
heredity"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1933/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1934,
;
[George Richards Minot,
;
William Parry Murphy,
] therapy in cases of
anaemia"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1934/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1935, | "for his discovery of the organizer effect in [embryonic development"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1935/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1935
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1936, ;
[Otto Loewi, ,
1903: ,
1946:
]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1936/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1937,
| "for his discoveries in connection with the [cellular respiration, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1937/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1937
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1938,
| "for the discovery of the role played by the [Paranasal sinus and
aorta in the regulation of Respiration (physiology)"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1938/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1938
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1939, | "for the discovery of the [antibacterial effects of
prontosil"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1939/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1939
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1940| award||-| [1942*| [Carl Peter Henrik Dam,
;
Edward Adelbert Doisy,
]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1943/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1943*],
| "for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1943/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1944,
;
[Herbert Spencer Gasser,
]s"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1944/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1945, ;
[Ernst Boris Chain,
, ;
Sir Howard Walter Florey,
, ] and its curative effect in various
infectious diseases"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1946, | "for the discovery of the production of [mutations by means of X-ray
irradiation"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1946/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1946
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1947*],
, ;
Gerty Theresa Cori (née Radnitz),
, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1947/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1947*], | "for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of glucose"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1947/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1948, | "for his discovery of the high efficiency of [DDT as a contact insecticide"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1948/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1948
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1949*], | "for his discovery of the functional organization of the midbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1949/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1949*], | "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1949/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1950, ;
[Tadeusz Reichstein, ,
;
Philip Showalter Hench, ]s of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1950/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1951, ,
| "for his discoveries concerning [yellow fever and how to combat it"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1951/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1951
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1952, , [1916:
], the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1952/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1952
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1953*], ,
| "for his discovery of the citric acid cycle"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1953/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1953*], ,
| "for his discovery of coenzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1953/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1954, ;
[Thomas Huckle Weller, ;
Frederick Chapman Robbins, ] viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1954/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1955, | "for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of [oxidation enzymes"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1955/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1955
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1956, , [1941:
;
Werner Forssmann, ;
Dickinson W. Richards, ] and pathological changes in the circulatory system"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1956/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1957, ,
| "for his discoveries relating to [antihistamine, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1957/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1958*], ;
Edward Lawrie Tatum, ]s act by regulating definite chemical events"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1958/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1958*] | "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the gene of bacteria"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1958/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1959, ,
;
[Arthur Kornberg, ] and deoxyribonucleic acid"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1959/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1960, ,
;
[Peter Brian Medawar, ,
]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1960/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1961, | "for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the [cochlea"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1961/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1962, ;
[James Dewey Watson,
Maurice Wilkins, ,
| "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1963, ;
[Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, ;
Andrew Huxley, | "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1963/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1964, ,
;
[Feodor Lynen, ] and fatty acid metabolism"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1964/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1965, ;
[Andre Lwoff, ;
Jacques Monod, ] and provirus"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1965/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1966*], | "for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1966/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1966*], ,
| "for his discoveries concerning Hormonal therapy (oncology) of prostatic cancer"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1966/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1967, , [1940:
;
Haldan Keffer Hartline, ;
George Wald, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1967/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1968, ;
[Har Gobind Khorana, ,
1966:
;
Marshall W. Nirenberg, ] and its function in Protein biosynthesis"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1968/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1969, ,
;
[Alfred Hershey, ;
Salvador E. Luria, ]es"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1969/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1970, , [1941:
;
Ulf von Euler, ;
Julius Axelrod, ] and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1970/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1971, | "for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of [hormones"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1971/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1972, ;
[Rodney R. Porter, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1972/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1973, ;
[Konrad Lorenz, ;
Nikolaas Tinbergen, | "for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1973/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1974, ;
[Christian de Duve, ;
George E. Palade, , 1952:
]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1975, ;
[Renato Dulbecco, ,
;
Howard Martin Temin, ]es and the genetic material of the cell"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1975/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1976, ;
[Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, | "for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1976/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1977*], ,
1965:
;
Andrew Wiktor Schally, ] production of the brain"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1977/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1977*], | "for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1977/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1978, ;
[Daniel Nathans, ;
Hamilton O. Smith, ]s and their application to problems of molecular genetics"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1978/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1979, , [1966:
;
Godfrey N. Hounsfield, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1979/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1980, , [1943:
;
Jean Dausset, ;
George D. Snell, ] that regulate immune system"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1980/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1981*], | "for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1981/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1981*], ;
Torsten N. Wiesel, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1981/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1982, ;
[Bengt I. Samuelsson,
;
John R. Vane,
]s and related biologically active substances"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1982/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1983, | "for her discovery of [transposon"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1983/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1984,
;
[Georges J.F. Kohler,
;
César Milstein,
, ] and the discovery of the principle for production of
monoclonal antibodies"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1984/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1985,
;
[Joseph L. Goldstein,
]
metabolism"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1985/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1986,
;
[Rita Levi-Montalcini,
, ]s"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1986/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1987,
| "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of [antibody diversity"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1987/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1987
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1988,
;
[Gertrude B. Elion,
;
George H. Hitchings,
]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1988/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1989,
;
[Harold E. Varmus,
]
oncogenes"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1989/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1990, ;
[E. Donnall Thomas,
] in the treatment of human disease"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1990/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1991,
;
[Bert Sakmann,
]s in cells"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1991/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1992,
, ;
[Edwin G. Krebs,
]
phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1992/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1993, ;
[Phillip A. Sharp,
| "for their discoveries of split genes"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1993/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1994, ;
[Martin Rodbell,
]s and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1994/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1995, ;
[Christiane Nusslein-Volhard,
;
Eric F. Wieschaus,
]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1995/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1996, ;
[Rolf M. Zinkernagel,
]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1996/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1997,
| "for his discovery of [Prions - a new biological principle of infection"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1997/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1997
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
1998, ;
[Louis J. Ignarro,
;
Ferid Murad,
] as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1998/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1999,
, [1987: ]s have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1999/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 2000,
;
[Paul Greengard,
;
Eric R. Kandel,
] in the nervous system"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2000/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
2001, ;
[R. Timothy Hunt,
;
Sir Paul M. Nurse,
]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2001/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
2002, , , [2003: {{cite web| url = http://conferences.computer.org/Bioinformatics/CSB2005/Brenner.html
| title = Sydney Brenner, PhD: Biography
| accessdate = 2007-08-14
| publisher = 2005 [IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference
--> (honorary);
H. Robert Horvitz,
;
John E. Sulston, ]'"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2002/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 2003, ;
Sir [Peter Mansfield, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2003/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 2004, ;
[Linda B. Buck, ]s and the organization of the olfactory system"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2004/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 2005, ;
[J. Robin Warren, ] and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2005/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 2006, ;
[Craig C. Mello, ] - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2006/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 2007, , ;Sir [Martin Evans, ;Oliver Smithies, , ]."{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2007/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007
| accessdate = 2007-10-08
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|}* Years with multiple reasons for a Nobel prize.
References
External links
- Official Nobel Prize Site
was the first person to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his work on the treatment of diphtheria.Below is a list of the winners of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Swedish language: Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) from 1901 to the present.{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/
| title = All Nobel Laureates in Medicine
| accessdate = 2007-07-27
| publisher = Nobel Foundation
-->
The state of some countries changed from when a Nobel laureate lived in the country, became a laureate, and today. The flag that precedes the country of citizenship reflects the earlier of the following two situations: (1) the state of the country when the laureate emigrated or (2) the state of the country when he/she became a Nobel laureate. Some laureates obtained additional citizenships in their lifetime. For those with multiple citizenships, the year they obtained an additional citizenship, when known, precedes the country of citizenship. For laureates who obtained additional citizenships after winning the Nobel prize, the flag that precedes the country of citizenship reflects the earlier of the following two situations: (1) the state of the country at their death or (2) the current state of the country.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"|-! Year! class="unsortable" | Laureate, Country of Citizenship! class="unsortable" | Achievement|-| 1901, | "for his work on [blood plasma therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1901/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1901
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1902, | "for his work on [malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1902/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1902
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1903, | "in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially [lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1903/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1903
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1904, | "in recognition of his work on the physiology of [digestive system, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1904/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1905, | "for his investigations and discoveries in relation to [tuberculosis"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1905/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1905
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1906, ;
[Santiago Ramón y Cajal, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1906/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1906
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1907, | "in recognition of his work on the role played by [protozoa in causing diseases"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1907/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1907
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1908, ;
[Paul Ehrlich, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1908/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1908
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1909, | "for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the [thyroid gland"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1909/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1909
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1910, | "in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of [cell biology made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic acid"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1910/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1910
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1911, | "for his work on the [dioptrics of the eye"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1911/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1911
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1912, | "in recognition of his work on vascular [suture and the Organ transplant of blood vessels and Organ (anatomy)s"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1912/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1912
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1913, | "in recognition of his work on[ anaphylaxis"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1913/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1913
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1914, | "for his work on the physiology and pathology of the [vestibular apparatus"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1914/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1914
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1915| award||-| [1917| award||-| [1919, | "for his discoveries relating to [immune system"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1919/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1919
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1920, | "for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism" (for showing that the gas exchange in the [lungs is ordinary diffusion){{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1920/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1920
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1921*| [Archibald Vivian Hill, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1922/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1922*], | "for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1922/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1922
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1923, ;
[John James Richard Macleod, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1923/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1923
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1924, | "for the discovery of the mechanism of the [electrocardiogram"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1924/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1924
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1925| [Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1926/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1926
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1927, | "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of [malaria inoculation in the treatment of general paralysis"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1927/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1927
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1928, | "for his work on [typhus"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1928/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1928
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1929*], | "for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1929/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1929*], | "for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1929/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1929
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1930, | "for his discovery of human [blood groups"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1930/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1930
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1931, | "for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the [cytochrome"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1931/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1931
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1932, ;
[Edgar Douglas Adrian, ]s"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1932/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1932
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1933, | "for his discoveries concerning the role played by the [chromosome in heredity"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1933/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1933
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1934, ;
[George Richards Minot, ;
William Parry Murphy, ] therapy in cases of anaemia"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1934/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1934
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1935, | "for his discovery of the organizer effect in [embryonic development"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1935/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1935
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1936, ;
[Otto Loewi, , 1903: , 1946: ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1936/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1936
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1937, | "for his discoveries in connection with the [cellular respiration, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1937/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1937
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1938, | "for the discovery of the role played by the [Paranasal sinus and aorta in the regulation of Respiration (physiology)"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1938/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1938
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1939, | "for the discovery of the [antibacterial effects of prontosil"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1939/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1939
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1940| award||-| [1942*| [Carl Peter Henrik Dam, ;
Edward Adelbert Doisy, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1943/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1943*], | "for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1943/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1943
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1944, ;
[Herbert Spencer Gasser, ]s"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1944/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1944
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1945, ;
[Ernst Boris Chain, , ;
Sir Howard Walter Florey, , ] and its curative effect in various infectious diseases"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1946, | "for the discovery of the production of [mutations by means of X-ray irradiation"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1946/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1946
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1947*], , ;
Gerty Theresa Cori (née Radnitz), , ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1947/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1947*], | "for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of glucose"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1947/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1947
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1948, | "for his discovery of the high efficiency of [DDT as a contact insecticide"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1948/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1948
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1949*], | "for his discovery of the functional organization of the midbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1949/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1949*], | "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1949/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1949
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1950, ;
[Tadeusz Reichstein, , ;
Philip Showalter Hench, ]s of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1950/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1951, , | "for his discoveries concerning [yellow fever and how to combat it"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1951/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1951
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1952, , [1916: ], the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1952/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1952
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1953*], , | "for his discovery of the citric acid cycle"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1953/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1953*], , | "for his discovery of coenzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1953/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1953
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1954, ;
[Thomas Huckle Weller, ;
Frederick Chapman Robbins, ] viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1954/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1954
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1955, | "for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of [oxidation enzymes"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1955/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1955
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1956, , [1941: ;
Werner Forssmann, ;
Dickinson W. Richards, ] and pathological changes in the circulatory system"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1956/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1956
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1957, , | "for his discoveries relating to [antihistamine, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1957/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1957
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1958*], ;
Edward Lawrie Tatum, ]s act by regulating definite chemical events"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1958/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1958*] | "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the gene of bacteria"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1958/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1958
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1959, , ;
[Arthur Kornberg, ] and deoxyribonucleic acid"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1959/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1960, , ;
[Peter Brian Medawar, , ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1960/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1961, | "for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the [cochlea"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1961/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1961
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1962, ;
[James Dewey Watson,
Maurice Wilkins, , | "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1963, ;
[Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, ;
Andrew Huxley, | "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1963/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1963
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1964, , ;
[Feodor Lynen, ] and fatty acid metabolism"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1964/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1964
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1965, ;
[Andre Lwoff, ;
Jacques Monod, ] and provirus"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1965/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1965
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1966*], | "for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1966/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1966*], , | "for his discoveries concerning Hormonal therapy (oncology) of prostatic cancer"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1966/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1966
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1967, , [1940: ;
Haldan Keffer Hartline, ;
George Wald, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1967/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1967
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1968, ;
[Har Gobind Khorana, , 1966: ;
Marshall W. Nirenberg, ] and its function in Protein biosynthesis"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1968/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1969, , ;
[Alfred Hershey, ;
Salvador E. Luria, ]es"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1969/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1970, , [1941: ;
Ulf von Euler, ;
Julius Axelrod, ] and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1970/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1970
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1971, | "for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of [hormones"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1971/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1971
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1972, ;
[Rodney R. Porter, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1972/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1973, ;
[Konrad Lorenz, ;
Nikolaas Tinbergen, | "for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1973/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1974, ;
[Christian de Duve, ;
George E. Palade, , 1952: ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1974/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1974
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1975, ;
[Renato Dulbecco, , ;
Howard Martin Temin, ]es and the genetic material of the cell"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1975/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1975
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1976, ;
[Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, | "for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1976/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1977*], , 1965: ;
Andrew Wiktor Schally, ] production of the brain"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1977/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1977*], | "for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1977/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1978, ;
[Daniel Nathans, ;
Hamilton O. Smith, ]s and their application to problems of molecular genetics"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1978/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1978
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1979, , [1966: ;
Godfrey N. Hounsfield, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1979/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1979
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1980, , [1943: ;
Jean Dausset, ;
George D. Snell, ] that regulate immune system"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1980/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1980
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1981*], | "for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1981/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1981*], ;
Torsten N. Wiesel, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1981/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1981
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1982, ;
[Bengt I. Samuelsson, ;
John R. Vane, ]s and related biologically active substances"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1982/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1982
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1983, | "for her discovery of [transposon"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1983/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1983
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1984, ;
[Georges J.F. Kohler, ;
César Milstein, , ] and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1984/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1984
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1985, ;
[Joseph L. Goldstein, ] metabolism"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1985/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1986, ;
[Rita Levi-Montalcini, , ]s"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1986/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1987, | "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of [antibody diversity"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1987/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1987
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1988, ;
[Gertrude B. Elion, ;
George H. Hitchings, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1988/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1989, ;
[Harold E. Varmus, ] oncogenes"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1989/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1989
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1990, ;
[E. Donnall Thomas, ] in the treatment of human disease"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1990/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1990
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1991, ;
[Bert Sakmann, ]s in cells"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1991/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1991
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1992, , ;
[Edwin G. Krebs, ] phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1992/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1993, ;
[Phillip A. Sharp, | "for their discoveries of split genes"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1993/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1993
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1994, ;
[Martin Rodbell, ]s and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1994/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1995, ;
[Christiane Nusslein-Volhard, ;
Eric F. Wieschaus, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1995/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1996, ;
[Rolf M. Zinkernagel, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1996/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1996
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1997, | "for his discovery of [Prions - a new biological principle of infection"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1997/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1997
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1998, ;
[Louis J. Ignarro, ;
Ferid Murad, ] as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1998/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1998
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 1999, , [1987: ]s have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1999/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-|
2000, ;
[Paul Greengard,
;
Eric R. Kandel,
] in the
nervous system"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2000/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2000
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 2001,
;
[R. Timothy Hunt,
;
Sir
Paul M. Nurse,
]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2001/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 2002,
,
, [2003: {{cite web| url = http://conferences.computer.org/Bioinformatics/CSB2005/Brenner.html
| title = Sydney Brenner, PhD: Biography
| accessdate = 2007-08-14
| publisher = 2005 [IEEE Computational Systems Bioinformatics Conference
--> (honorary);
H. Robert Horvitz, ;
John E. Sulston, ]'"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2002/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 2003, ;
Sir [Peter Mansfield, ]"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2003/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 2004, ;
[Linda B. Buck, ]s and the organization of the olfactory system"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2004/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 2005, ;
[J. Robin Warren, ] and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2005/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 2006, ;
[Craig C. Mello, ] - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2006/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006
| accessdate = 2007-07-28
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|-| 2007, , ;Sir [Martin Evans, ;Oliver Smithies, , ]."{{cite web| url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2007/index.html
| title = The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007
| accessdate = 2007-10-08
| publisher = The Nobel Foundation
-->|}* Years with multiple reasons for a Nobel prize.
References
External links
- Official Nobel Prize Site
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Wikipedia, the free ...
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Swedish: Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin) is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institute.
Medicine 2007
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007. for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene ...
Press Release: The 2003 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Press Release. 6 October 2003. The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has today decided to award The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 2003 jointly to
Winners of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
A comprehensive list of Nobel Prize Laureates in Physiology and Medicine, at the Nobel Prize Internet Archive.
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine@Everything2.com
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Template:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Laureates 2001-2025 ...
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine_Laureates_2001-2025 "
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - What does NPPM stand for ...
Acronym Definition; NPPM: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: NPPM: Network Packetizing and Pacing Module
Nobel Prize in Medicine Goes to Two U.S. Scientists
Andrew Fire and Craig Mello will split the 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work on RNA interference, which cells use to control gene expression. The discovery may ...
NIH Grantees Win 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for ...
Press Statement from NIH Director Elias A. Zerhouni, M.D. NIH Grantees Win 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for Discovering Powerful Gene Silencer
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine - Wikiversity
Welcome to the Wikiversity learning project for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Participants in this learning project explore the science and practical applications for ...
